The main objectives of the project are a) How do small holders perceive and manage ES on their holdings and within the larger surrounding landscape? B) What motivations drive individual and collective action by small holders to maintain or invest in integrating ES management with food production and how might these actions be supported? C) What are the bureaucratic (i) policies, (ii)challenges and (iii)processes that the integration of ES with food production will face and how might they be addressed?