Over the past five decades, Nepal has responded deforestation and forest degradation through diverse restoration approaches. These efforts have predominantly focused on increasing trees and forest cover in degraded areas, either through strict protection or through participatory forest management, mainly community forestry. Plantation of both native and exotic species was a major strategy to revegetate degraded forests outside protected areas. Restoration interventions outside protected areas were largely driven by the pressing need for basic forest products such as firewood and fodder, while biodiversity and socio-cultural values were often overlooked. In many instances, multiple approaches like plantation and natural regeneration protection were applied simultaneously in the same land unit. This briefer summarises various approaches adopted for forest landscape restoration (FLR) in Nepal and provide an overview of their outcomes.

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