National Dialogue on Strengthening Forest Fire Management in Nepal

National Dialogue on Strengthening Forest Fire Management in Nepal

Nepal’s rich forest ecosystems are increasingly threatened by forest fires, driven by climate change and human activities. Over the past two decades, forest fires have destroyed thousands of hectares of forest, alongside the lives of people and wildlife.  There has been a sense of urgency among the stakeholders to address the issue, wherein a common platform was much needed to discuss critical areas and come up with converging views. In congruence to that, a national dialogue on ‘Strengthening Forest Fire Management in Nepal’ was organised by NDRRMA in collaboration with ForestAction Nepal, and in support of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) through the Australian Embassy in Nepal, on 4 December 2024 in Kathmandu. Interesting presentations, a panel discussion, and floor discussions were instrumental in deepening our understanding on forest fire management in Nepal.

Key takeaways

– Large part of the problem lies with the protective regime and lack of management resulting in heavy fuel load in forests. Suitable forest management with active harvesting and other silvicultural operations will help mitigate the problem

– Given our difficult topography and limited financial and human resources, a rather decentralised, local/community-based approach would be appropriate. Resources and capacity building interventions should therefore focus on local communities/actors.

– Involvement of private entities would be crucial in fostering forest-based enterprises, with the management decisions still remaining with the community to ensure equitable benefits.

– Revision of the existing forest fire management strategy considering the changing socio-economic dynamics of the country is pertinent.

– Need for more work on scaling forest fire mitigation and prevention through the use of technologies like early warning system, forest fire detection and monitoring system and adopt technology transfer to concerned authorities.

– Clearly defined roles, responsibilities, collaboration, and jurisdictions among stakeholders to create a cohesive approach to forest fire risk reduction and management for the avoidance of overlaps and inefficiencies is imperative.

Raising awareness on the importance of sustainable farming through theatre play in the communities

Raising awareness on the importance of sustainable farming through theatre play in the communities

ForestAction Nepal, in collaboration with the Shilpi Group, showcased the drama Sattapatta across ten locations in Chitwan from November 12–20, 2024, with the primary goal of raising awareness about sustainable farming. The performances targeted a diverse audience, including students, teachers, local government representatives, and community members, particularly farmers. By engaging both younger and older generations, the initiative aimed to influence those directly and indirectly involved in agricultural practices.

Each performance attracted an audience of approximately 150-200 people, successfully engaging them throughout the show. Through its powerful narrative, the play effectively highlighted the growing reliance on chemical inputs in agriculture, emphasising their harmful impacts on soil health, human well-being, and the overall ecosystem.

Additionally, meaningful discussions about the need for alternative, sustainable farming practices were thoroughly conducted after every show. The play not only conveyed a positive message but also helped participants understand the importance of sustainable farming systems.

44th World Food Day Celebrated

44th World Food Day Celebrated

This year, the 44th World Food Day was celebrated worldwide with the slogan “Rights to food for a better life and better future”. ForestAction Nepal, the secretariat of the Alliance of Agriculture for Food, organized an event in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, and the allied organizations on November 11, 2024, in Staff College, Lalitpur, Nepal. The main objectives of this event were to commemorate World Food Day, raise awareness about the importance of sustainable farming approaches, and to celebrate Nepal’s diverse local, indigenous, cultural and traditional cuisine.

One of the key highlights of the event was the participatory theatre play titled “Sattapatta”, performed by the Shilpee Theatre Group. Sattapatta is a story about farming, and it gives the audience a message about the impact of the modern farming system on our indigenous and traditional knowledge, technologies, soil, seeds, and human health.

Following the engaging theatre play, “Raithane Khadhya Sanjh” (local food festival) was organized to celebrate the diversity and richness of our local cuisine, featuring a variety of delicious dishes representing various regions of Nepal. In addition to the food festival, an exhibition was set up within the program venue to further promote awareness about sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation. The exhibition showcased an impressive collection of local and indigenous seeds, emphasizing the importance of preserving Nepal’s agricultural heritage. Posters were displayed, providing valuable information on the significance of sustainable farming practices, impacts of climate change and the benefits of using indigenous seeds over commercial alternatives.

This event was attended by the former Hon. Deputy Prime Minister, Hon. Parliament members, politicians, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock development secretaries, joint secretaries, activists, local government representatives from Kathmandu Valley, farmers, youth/ students, professors, I/NGOs representatives, authors, and media persons.

ForestAction Nepal/AAF extends its heartfelt gratitude to MoAD, DOA, ERI, CAED, FIAN Nepal, SWI, Li-BIRD, NFGF, NLRF, CSRC, DBI, CEPP, IM Swedish Development Partner, Action Aid Nepal, WHH, and ANAJ for the collaboration to make this event happen.

Press Meet Held for World Food Day Celebrations

On the occasion of the 44th World Food Day (October 16), ForestAction Nepal, the secretariat of the Alliance of Agriculture for Food (AAF), in collaboration with the Department of Agriculture (DoA), organized a press meeting at SAP-Falcha to announce the World Food Day celebration program scheduled for November 11, 2024. A press note was also released during the meeting in the presence of the Director General (DG), Deputy Director General of the DoA, journalists, activists, and farmers.

A food and agriculture fact sheet for the fiscal year 2080/81, prepared by the AAF secretariat, was also unveiled at the event. Additionally, a folk dohori song, sung by famous singer Raju Pariyar, Sheela Ale, and the Sarangi Sansar team, was launched to highlight the importance of agriculture in Nepal.

To download a food and agriculture fact sheet: https://forestaction.org/publications/fact-sheet-of-food-and-agriculture-2024/
To watch dohori song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-UkGIcWp-Q 

22nd Annual General Meeting

ForestAction Nepal successfully held its 22nd Annual General Meeting on 22nd September 2024. On this occasion, the organization took an opportunity to honor the former chairperson of ForestAction Board, Prof. Dr. Ram Bahadur Chhetri, who chaired for over 8 years and acted as the principal investigator for various research projects. Additionally, the organization recognized Mrs. Laxmi Thapa, a dedicated staff member who has been with ForestAction since its establishment.

Training on Agroecology and Permaculture Design and Practice

ForestAction Nepal organized and facilitated the second module of a training session on “Agroecology and permaculture design and practice” in Kauche, Sindhuli, from September 13th to 18th, 2024. The training had 17 participants and was led by primary instructors Bharat Mansata, a renowned writer, natural activist, and founder of Vanvadi, a collective forest regenerative initiative, and Malvika Solanki, an experienced permaculture designer and practitioner from India.

The training methodology integrated various learning approaches, such as presentations, interactive discussions, group work, and hands-on field exercises. The second module covered topics like flows and edges, patterns, energy storage and resources, mapping, biodynamic farming, community-scale design, siting and orientation of buildings, urban permaculture, and designing for catastrophes. This module was focused on hands-on experience in permaculture design. The participants were divided into four groups and were assigned projects.

Land-based project: site analysis and assessment, water management, soil improvement, sector analysis, functional analysis, zone mapping, base map, infrastructure development and placement, waste management, disaster preparedness

Market-based project: market survey/assessment, product selection and diversification, branding and storytelling, marketing channels, packaging and distribution, pricing strategy, feedback

Cooperative project: sector analysis, zone mapping, SWOT analysis, strategies, working approach

Urban design project: site assessment, mapping, zoning, maximizing space efficiency, water harvesting, waste reduction and recycling, culture, traditional food

On the final day, participants presented their project design. A detailed review and a reflection session were conducted to assess the overall training experience. The participants shared their insights, learnings, challenges, and positive takeaways from the training.

 

Discussion on forest fire management

Forest fire has been an issue of concern across Nepal, and relevant actors have been struggling to identify ways to effectively address the problem. While several strategies are put in place, they seem to have been inadequate. Most importantly, lack of capacities of relevant stakeholders emerges as a major weakness when it comes to addressing the issue. In this line, ForestAction Nepal hosted a Forest Fire Training Module Sharing Workshop delivered by highly experienced experts from Australia. Mr. Alan Hill and Mr. Vince Cafari, from Australia, shared a forest fire training module that is targeted to the Nepalese audiences. The purpose of the workshop was to refine the forest fire training module before rolling it down to the field. This is part of our collective effort to combat the increasing risk of forest fires in Nepal.

Policy-related Opportunities and Practical Challenges of Forest-based Enterprises

ForestAction Nepal organised one-day interactive event in Sindhupalchowk and Nawalpur on “Policy-related Opportunities and Practical Challenges of Forest-based Enterprises”. The program took place on 3 rd September 2024 in Nawalpur and 13 th September 2024 in Sindhupalchowk. The event aimed to provide forest-based enterprises with the knowledge, resources and strategies necessary for sustainable operation and financial sustainability.The event integrated various learning approaches such as presentation and interactive discussions amon participants. The interactive session focused on sharing of experiences,challenges and suggestions for the forest-based entrepreneurs where key points on expanding the business scale, effective group collaboration, nature and long-term support along with market challenges were discussed among the participants. The event provided a common platform for various stakeholders, including local entrepreneurs, government officials, financial institutions, and non-governmental organisations to discuss and address financial and operational challenges to ensure the sustainability and profitability of forest-based enterprises.

Rare tree plantation in Jalthal biodiversity demonstration block

ForestAction Nepal’s Jalthal Biodiversity project is working with key stakeholders to conserve biodiversity of Jalthal forest. While conserving overall biodiversity of the forest, special attention was paid to conserve rare and threated plants (put here a link for the rare trees pdf). The project also conducted experiment to analyse regeneration of rare and threatened species.

To support conservation of such species and to provide in situ education to visitors, the project has supported in establishing Biodiversity Demonstration Block in Durgabhitta and Abhimukteswar community forests. In the block, visitors can witness several rare and unique trees (like Latahar) in accessible location, even seeing 40 species of trees from two locations. On 2 nd August 2024, a plantation program was organised in the block. Leaders from FECOFUN and CFS were present in the program. Altogether 240 seedlings of seven rare species, grown in project established conservation nursery, were planted in the block.The rare species planted were: Cowa Mangosteen (Ban Suntala), Elephant apple (Autyanga), Burmese grape (Kusum), Sour mangosteen (Chunyel), locally rare cinnamomum species (Malagiri), Cycas (Thakal) and Eastern Uvaria (Bandar Jhulla).

World elephant day marked in Jhapa

In the last two decades, 300 people have died in Nepal due to elephant attacks. Among all, Jalthal area is the worst affected by human elephant conflict. In the municipalities surrounding the Jalthal forest, there has been death of 21 people in elephant attack. Similarly, six elephants were reported dead during the last seven years in the region.

ForestAction Nepal has been working with stakeholders to restore the degraded yet rich biodiversity-Jalthal forest. Given the seriousness of the issue, ForestAction Nepal has been undertaking wetland restoration, small water hole improvement, invasive species control and plantation of elephant fodder. Banana, bamboo, Niwaro and Latahar are among the planted fodder species. Similarly, the works in Jalthal forest has prioritized conservation of natural regeneration in collaboration with DFO Jhapa and local community forests user groups (CFUGs).

In 21 st August, on the occasion of World Elephant Day, an interaction program was organised at various places in Kachankawal. Kachankawal rural municipality is one of the worst affected area in the landscape. In Moti Secondary School, a program on human-elephant coexistence was conducted where, the chairman of the School Management Committee, Sheshlal Rajvanshi, the vice president of Kachankawal Rural Municipality Navraj Bhattarai, the Principal of the school, Chabilal Basnet, and the program coordinator of Forest Action Nepal-Lila Nath Sharma, Forest Officers of Division Forest Office Rishi Ram Parajuli, Raju Khadka, Wildlife Conservationist Deven Kharel-a photo journalist and conservation enthusiast and other representatives of Kachankawal, teachers, students and stakeholders interacted and held discussion on the matter. In the program, various topics related to elephants, human-elephant conflict and human- elephant coexistence challenges and solutions were discussed. Students of the school also attended a quiz program focused on ecology and behaviors of Elephant.

On the same day, at Municipality level, FECOFUN in collaboration with ForestAction Nepal organised an interaction program in Abhimukteswar community forest. Human-elephant conflict and ways of enhancing human elephant conflicts were discussed in the program. The program was attended by users of Abhimuktewar CF and leaders from six different CFUGs in Kachankawal. Local people also shared their experience with slow process of compensation. In both the programs, among others, participants also identified and highlighted that awareness raising programs and forest restoration should go hand by hand.

ForestAction Nepal Jalthal team along with two conservation enthusiast (Mr Shankar Luintel and Deven Kharel) also visited Salakpur area of Ilam to interact with local people on recent movement of Elephant in the region. The locals informed that historically the region had elephant movement, however, it has decreased in the last few decades. It was also known that recently Elephant have started residing longer in the Indo-Nepal bordering area near Salakpur.

A Walking Training: Capacity building through observation, learning, and reflection

A walking training was conducted from August 27th to 31st, 2024, with the participation of 18 agricultural graduates, technicians, and social agents in the Lalitpur and Kavrepalanchok districts.

The journey started from Lubhu and concluded at Lakuribhanjyang of Lalitpur district on the first day. During the visit, participants did a brief observation of commercial agriculture and interacted with farmers. Participants also discussed the challenges faced by commercial farmers, especially about the emergence of new diseases and pests.

The second day of the journey began in Lakuribhanjyang and concluded at Kushadevi, Kavrepalanchok. Along the way, the participants interacted with farmers in the community and learned about their cropping pattern, cultivation practices, and their views on sustainable farming. Similarly, participants communicated with officials of Ward 1 of Panauti municipality to understand about the situation of commercial farming, community forestry, and pesticide use in that area.

In the third day, the journey started from Kushadevi and ended in Khopasi. Along the way, participants observed cropping patterns, land grabbing, forest fires, and landslides. Similarly, participants met with the agriculture officer of the Panauti municipality to discuss soil health conditions and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the area. Moreover, participants visited the sericulture development center and explored the potential of silkworm farming in Nepal.

The journey started from Khopasi on the fourth day and ended in Bethanchowk. During this portion of the walk, the participants observed the agricultural practices and livestock farming of the community. Participants had a brief discussion about land and water management, integrated pest management, and the impacts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on human health in Bethanchowk.

On the fifth day, participants traveled to Narayanthan, where they visited a sacred Vishnu temple and enjoyed views of the Himalayas, including Ganesh, Langtang, Manaslu, and Everest. The training concluded with a self-reflection session to assess its impact on the participants’ learning and development.

Localizing activities and transforming Invasive Species Management

Infestation of invasive species especially Mikania macrantha, Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata has largely impacted the forest ecosystem and livelihood of forest-dependent people across the lowland forests of Nepal. The biological invasion has suppressed tree regeneration, negatively affected biodiversity and decreased forest ecosystem services. The conventional method of invasive species control used by Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) have been inadequate, ineffective and not informed by attributes of species and native ecosystems. To address this, ForestAction Nepal led Jalthal Biodiversity Project introduced a new approach to manage invasive species and protect natural regeneration of native species. This project considered the ecology and phenology of invasive species and prioritized bush cleaning in the summer to maximize the growth of native seedlings and suppress the regrowth of invasive species. Conventionally, bush cleaning used to be in winter season. The project has also conceptualized that invasive species management should be a part of long-term forest restoration rather than a discrete activity.
 
In the third year of the Darwin project Biodiversity Challenge Funds (UKBCFs), the project supported and collaborated with community forests of Jalthal Jhapa to remove invasive species during monsoon season. Invasive species removal and natural regeneration protection were performed in Nine CFUGs of Jalthal, restoring approximately 36 hectares of an invasive-infested area. The activity has rescued over 23,000 seedlings of 40 native tree species. Bush cleaning activity in these CFs involved over 180 local people equivalent to 900 person/days. The removal of invasive species was a collaborative effort involving CFUGs, the DFO Jhapa, and FECOFUN Jhapa.