Local government and community forestry collaboration in the federal context of Nepal

Nepal’s 2015 Constitution marked a shift to federal governance, emphasising cooperation among federal, provincial, and local levels. The Local Government Operation Act 2017 and Forest Act 2019 outlined local government’s (LG) collaborative roles in community forest management. While these frameworks laid the groundwork for a more integrated approach to community forestry governance, there are challenges.

With an aim to identify avenues for collaboration and areas of gaps and cooperation between the two institutions, consultations with LGs and community forest user groups (CFUGs) were organised to facilitate the dialogue and identify strategies to strengthen their partnerships. ForestAction Nepal with support from The Asia Foundation, conducted series of consultations at local, provincial, and federal level, which has drawn valuable lessons to address climate change and enhance socio-ecological resilience through improved community forest-LG collaboration.

The consultations engaged an extensive and diverse group of stakeholders, ensuring representation across different levels of governance and community forestry. It included mayors, deputy mayors, chief administrative officers, provincial forest officials, foresters, CFUG leaders, researchers, and representatives from organisations such as the FECOFUN and Community Forest Support Center. Local consultations were conducted in Syangja (Galyang Municipality) and Kailali (Tikapur Municipality), with additional provincial-level meetings in Gandaki and Sudurpaschim provinces. The consultations revealed governance gaps, poor coordination, untapped resource potential, environmental risks, human-wildlife conflicts, and declining youth engagement. Jurisdictional disputes, weak collaboration, restrictive policies, and market barriers has been hindering the community forestry’s effectiveness, simultaneously, climate risks and leadership challenges have threaten its sustainability.

Presence of ForestAction Nepal and Alliance of Agriculture for Food (AAF) in Organic World Congress 2024

Team members from the ForestAction/AAF secretariat were actively engaged in various processes of the IFOAM Organic World Congress 2024.The World Congress is organised by IFOAM every three years involving thousands of organic farmers, producers, researchers, advocates, and policy experts from around the world. Activities such as pre-conference, the General Assembly, side-events and organic exhibition are included in the congress. This year, the Congress was held at Nanhua University, Taiwan, from November 30 to December 6, 2024 comprising of pre-conference, congress and general assembly of IFOAM. The congress (2-4 December) included various plenary sessions, parallel modules, and workshops where the team had an active presence.

A poster entitled “Walking Training: A Transformative Approach to Capacity Building in Agroecology” was presented by Sindrela Dewan and Srijana Poudel. It introduced the concept of walking training, its significance, methodology, and the process of participant selection for the training. Additionally, the poster highlighted the lessons learned from previous training.
Two papers were also presented by team members in a parallel session entitled fostering organic growth through policy building on December 4, 2024. Krishna Prasad Poudel, along with Mahesh Badal, presented on ‘Analysis of Policy Provisions and Government Programs for Agroecology Promotion in Nepal,’ while Sujata Tamang and Dipesh Nepal presented on ‘Evidence-Based Policy Advocacy Pathways: Learning from Nepal’.

As the secretariat of the Alliance of Agriculture for Food, the team also organised a workshop on “Regeneration of Mountain Agriculture: Future Solution for Sustainable Food System”. Krishna Prasad Poudel was the keynote speaker of the workshop, moderated by Sujata Tamang.

In the Workshop, Mr. Paudel highlighted the specific characteristics of mountain-specific agriculture and industrial agriculture and discussed on the situation arising from the holistic development approach in agriculture and how mountain agriculture is particularly impacted on a greater scale. The crucial role of regenerative agriculture in addressing the specific challenges faced by mountain regions in achieving sustainable food systems, especially in the context of climate change was also discussed in his presentation.

He also shared points for reflection and future pathways. During the open discussion, possible innovative solutions, responses at policies and programs level and practices that farmers and local communities are adopting in response to the current crisis through regenerative agroecological approaches were discussed and shared.

National dialogue on strengthening forest fire management in Nepal

National dialogue on strengthening forest fire management in Nepal

Nepal’s rich forest ecosystems are increasingly threatened by forest fires, driven by climate change and human activities. Over the past two decades, forest fires have destroyed thousands of hectares of forest, alongside the lives of people and wildlife.  There has been a sense of urgency among the stakeholders to address the issue, wherein a common platform was much needed to discuss critical areas and come up with converging views. In congruence to that, a national dialogue on ‘Strengthening Forest Fire Management in Nepal’ was organised by NDRRMA in collaboration with ForestAction Nepal, and in support of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) through the Australian Embassy in Nepal, on 4 December 2024 in Kathmandu. Interesting presentations, a panel discussion, and floor discussions were instrumental in deepening our understanding on forest fire management in Nepal.

Key takeaways

– Large part of the problem lies with the protective regime and lack of management resulting in heavy fuel load in forests. Suitable forest management with active harvesting and other silvicultural operations will help mitigate the problem

– Given our difficult topography and limited financial and human resources, a rather decentralised, local/community-based approach would be appropriate. Resources and capacity building interventions should therefore focus on local communities/actors.

– Involvement of private entities would be crucial in fostering forest-based enterprises, with the management decisions still remaining with the community to ensure equitable benefits.

– Revision of the existing forest fire management strategy considering the changing socio-economic dynamics of the country is pertinent.

– Need for more work on scaling forest fire mitigation and prevention through the use of technologies like early warning system, forest fire detection and monitoring system and adopt technology transfer to concerned authorities.

– Clearly defined roles, responsibilities, collaboration, and jurisdictions among stakeholders to create a cohesive approach to forest fire risk reduction and management for the avoidance of overlaps and inefficiencies is imperative.

Raising awareness on the importance of sustainable farming through theatre play in the communities

Raising awareness on the importance of sustainable farming through theatre play in the communities

ForestAction Nepal, in collaboration with the Shilpi Group, showcased the drama Sattapatta across ten locations in Chitwan from November 12–20, 2024, with the primary goal of raising awareness about sustainable farming. The performances targeted a diverse audience, including students, teachers, local government representatives, and community members, particularly farmers. By engaging both younger and older generations, the initiative aimed to influence those directly and indirectly involved in agricultural practices.

Each performance attracted an audience of approximately 150-200 people, successfully engaging them throughout the show. Through its powerful narrative, the play effectively highlighted the growing reliance on chemical inputs in agriculture, emphasising their harmful impacts on soil health, human well-being, and the overall ecosystem.

Additionally, meaningful discussions about the need for alternative, sustainable farming practices were thoroughly conducted after every show. The play not only conveyed a positive message but also helped participants understand the importance of sustainable farming systems.

Interactive program on controlling invasive species

Interactive program on controlling invasive species

On 20th November 2024, an interaction program focusing on Ultakanda weed (उल्टा काँडा झार) control was conducted in Birtamod Municipality. The program was organised under ForestAction Nepal’s Linking Science to Management Restoring Community Forests in Nepal project, with emphasis on local control and awareness campaign of new Michaha species (invasive species) Ultakanda weed, which is spreading in East Jhapa, Morang and Sunsari district of Nepal. A total of 50 participants were present in the program including Birtamod municipality head, deputy head, agriculture and livestock department staff, ward representatives and farmers.

Ultakanda weed is one of the most harmful and high-risk michaha species, with its fruits/pods beginning to develop in November. Therefore, it is important prevent its growth and minimize damage to agriculture, livestock and human health.

44th World Food Day Celebrated

44th World Food Day Celebrated

This year, the 44th World Food Day was celebrated worldwide with the slogan “Rights to food for a better life and better future”. ForestAction Nepal, the secretariat of the Alliance of Agriculture for Food, organized an event in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, and the allied organizations on November 11, 2024, in Staff College, Lalitpur, Nepal. The main objectives of this event were to commemorate World Food Day, raise awareness about the importance of sustainable farming approaches, and to celebrate Nepal’s diverse local, indigenous, cultural and traditional cuisine.

One of the key highlights of the event was the participatory theatre play titled “Sattapatta”, performed by the Shilpee Theatre Group. Sattapatta is a story about farming, and it gives the audience a message about the impact of the modern farming system on our indigenous and traditional knowledge, technologies, soil, seeds, and human health.

Following the engaging theatre play, “Raithane Khadhya Sanjh” (local food festival) was organized to celebrate the diversity and richness of our local cuisine, featuring a variety of delicious dishes representing various regions of Nepal. In addition to the food festival, an exhibition was set up within the program venue to further promote awareness about sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation. The exhibition showcased an impressive collection of local and indigenous seeds, emphasizing the importance of preserving Nepal’s agricultural heritage. Posters were displayed, providing valuable information on the significance of sustainable farming practices, impacts of climate change and the benefits of using indigenous seeds over commercial alternatives.

This event was attended by the former Hon. Deputy Prime Minister, Hon. Parliament members, politicians, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock development secretaries, joint secretaries, activists, local government representatives from Kathmandu Valley, farmers, youth/ students, professors, I/NGOs representatives, authors, and media persons.

ForestAction Nepal/AAF extends its heartfelt gratitude to MoAD, DOA, ERI, CAED, FIAN Nepal, SWI, Li-BIRD, NFGF, NLRF, CSRC, DBI, CEPP, IM Swedish Development Partner, Action Aid Nepal, WHH, and ANAJ for the collaboration to make this event happen.

Press Meet Held for World Food Day Celebrations

On the occasion of the 44th World Food Day (October 16), ForestAction Nepal, the secretariat of the Alliance of Agriculture for Food (AAF), in collaboration with the Department of Agriculture (DoA), organized a press meeting at SAP-Falcha to announce the World Food Day celebration program scheduled for November 11, 2024. A press note was also released during the meeting in the presence of the Director General (DG), Deputy Director General of the DoA, journalists, activists, and farmers.

A food and agriculture fact sheet for the fiscal year 2080/81, prepared by the AAF secretariat, was also unveiled at the event. Additionally, a folk dohori song, sung by famous singer Raju Pariyar, Sheela Ale, and the Sarangi Sansar team, was launched to highlight the importance of agriculture in Nepal.

To download a food and agriculture fact sheet: https://forestaction.org/publications/fact-sheet-of-food-and-agriculture-2024/
To watch dohori song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-UkGIcWp-Q 

22nd Annual General Meeting

ForestAction Nepal successfully held its 22nd Annual General Meeting on 22nd September 2024. On this occasion, the organization took an opportunity to honor the former chairperson of ForestAction Board, Prof. Dr. Ram Bahadur Chhetri, who chaired for over 8 years and acted as the principal investigator for various research projects. Additionally, the organization recognized Mrs. Laxmi Thapa, a dedicated staff member who has been with ForestAction since its establishment.

Training on agroecology and permaculture design and practice

Training on agroecology and permaculture design and practice

ForestAction Nepal organized and facilitated the second module of a training session on “Agroecology and permaculture design and practice” in Kauche, Sindhuli, from September 13th to 18th, 2024. The training had 17 participants and was led by primary instructors Bharat Mansata, a renowned writer, natural activist, and founder of Vanvadi, a collective forest regenerative initiative, and Malvika Solanki, an experienced permaculture designer and practitioner from India.

The training methodology integrated various learning approaches, such as presentations, interactive discussions, group work, and hands-on field exercises. The second module covered topics like flows and edges, patterns, energy storage and resources, mapping, biodynamic farming, community-scale design, siting and orientation of buildings, urban permaculture, and designing for catastrophes. This module was focused on hands-on experience in permaculture design. The participants were divided into four groups and were assigned projects.

Land-based project: site analysis and assessment, water management, soil improvement, sector analysis, functional analysis, zone mapping, base map, infrastructure development and placement, waste management, disaster preparedness

Market-based project: market survey/assessment, product selection and diversification, branding and storytelling, marketing channels, packaging and distribution, pricing strategy, feedback

Cooperative project: sector analysis, zone mapping, SWOT analysis, strategies, working approach

Urban design project: site assessment, mapping, zoning, maximizing space efficiency, water harvesting, waste reduction and recycling, culture, traditional food

On the final day, participants presented their project design. A detailed review and a reflection session were conducted to assess the overall training experience. The participants shared their insights, learnings, challenges, and positive takeaways from the training.

 

Discussion on forest fire management

Forest fire has been an issue of concern across Nepal, and relevant actors have been struggling to identify ways to effectively address the problem. While several strategies are put in place, they seem to have been inadequate. Most importantly, lack of capacities of relevant stakeholders emerges as a major weakness when it comes to addressing the issue. In this line, ForestAction Nepal hosted a Forest Fire Training Module Sharing Workshop delivered by highly experienced experts from Australia. Mr. Alan Hill and Mr. Vince Cafari, from Australia, shared a forest fire training module that is targeted to the Nepalese audiences. The purpose of the workshop was to refine the forest fire training module before rolling it down to the field. This is part of our collective effort to combat the increasing risk of forest fires in Nepal.

Policy-related Opportunities and Practical Challenges of Forest-based Enterprises

ForestAction Nepal organised one-day interactive event in Sindhupalchowk and Nawalpur on “Policy-related Opportunities and Practical Challenges of Forest-based Enterprises”. The program took place on 3 rd September 2024 in Nawalpur and 13 th September 2024 in Sindhupalchowk. The event aimed to provide forest-based enterprises with the knowledge, resources and strategies necessary for sustainable operation and financial sustainability.The event integrated various learning approaches such as presentation and interactive discussions amon participants. The interactive session focused on sharing of experiences,challenges and suggestions for the forest-based entrepreneurs where key points on expanding the business scale, effective group collaboration, nature and long-term support along with market challenges were discussed among the participants. The event provided a common platform for various stakeholders, including local entrepreneurs, government officials, financial institutions, and non-governmental organisations to discuss and address financial and operational challenges to ensure the sustainability and profitability of forest-based enterprises.

Rare tree plantation in Jalthal biodiversity demonstration block

ForestAction Nepal’s Jalthal Biodiversity project is working with key stakeholders to conserve biodiversity of Jalthal forest. While conserving overall biodiversity of the forest, special attention was paid to conserve rare and threated plants (put here a link for the rare trees pdf). The project also conducted experiment to analyse regeneration of rare and threatened species.

To support conservation of such species and to provide in situ education to visitors, the project has supported in establishing Biodiversity Demonstration Block in Durgabhitta and Abhimukteswar community forests. In the block, visitors can witness several rare and unique trees (like Latahar) in accessible location, even seeing 40 species of trees from two locations. On 2 nd August 2024, a plantation program was organised in the block. Leaders from FECOFUN and CFS were present in the program. Altogether 240 seedlings of seven rare species, grown in project established conservation nursery, were planted in the block.The rare species planted were: Cowa Mangosteen (Ban Suntala), Elephant apple (Autyanga), Burmese grape (Kusum), Sour mangosteen (Chunyel), locally rare cinnamomum species (Malagiri), Cycas (Thakal) and Eastern Uvaria (Bandar Jhulla).